GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS 12 NCERT | CBSE | UP Board

COURSE DESCRIPTION

GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS 12 has 2 books:

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Which deals with Nature and Scope of Human Geography, distribution, density, growth, Composition and change pattern in population, Meaning and indicators of Human Development, Human Activities like primary, secondary, tertiary and Quaternary activities, Various ways of transport system, Communication and Trade, Human Settlements; types and problems.
2. INDIA: PEOPLE AND ECONOMY provides a wide range of concepts and advanced information regarding Indian perspective. This book deals concepts related to Population, Human Settlements, Various Resources and Development, Transport, Communication and International Trade, Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems like Environmental pollution, urban-waste disposal, Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums, Land degradation etc

-> Geography is introduced as an elective subject at the senior secondary stage. After ten years of general education, students branch out at the beginning of this stage and are exposed to the rigors of the discipline for the first time. Being an entry point for the higher education, students choose Geography for pursuing their academic interest and,
therefore, need a broader and deeper understanding of the subject.

For others, geographical knowledge is useful in daily lives because it is a valuable medium for the education of young people. Its contribution lies in the content, cognitive processes, skills and values that Geography promotes and thus helps the students explore, understand and evaluate the environmental and social dimensions of the world in a better manner.

-> Since Geography explores the relationship between people and their environment, it includes studies of physical and human environments and their interactions at different scales-local, state/region, nation and the world. The fundamental principles responsible for the varieties in the distributional pattern of physical and human features and phenomena over the earth’s surface need to be understood properly.

Application of these principles would be taken up through selected case studies from the world and India. Thus, the physical and human environment of India and study of some issues from a geographical point of view will be covered in greater detail. Students will be exposed to different methods used in geographical investigations.

DETAILED SYLLABUS: GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS 12 (2021-2022)

CBSE CLASS – XII           Theory: 70 Marks             Duration:3 Hours                  Project: 30 Marks

Unit-1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope

Unit-2: People

• Population-distribution, density and growth.
• Population change-spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change.
• Population Composition – age-sex ratio; rural-urban composition.
• Human development – concept; selected indicators, international comparisons.

Unit-3: Human Activities

• Primary activities – concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture,
  modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities – some examples from selected countries.
• Secondary activities-concept; manufacturing: types – household, small scale, large scale; agro based and mineral based industries; people engaged in secondary activities – some examples from selected countries.
• Tertiary activities-concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities – some examples from selected countries.
• Quaternary activities-concept; people engaged in quaternary activities – case study from selected countries.

Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade

• Land transport – roads, railways; trans-continental railways.
• Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes.
• Air transport- Intercontinental air routes.
• Oil and gas pipelines.
• Satellite communication and cyber space- importance and usage for geographical information; use of GPS.
• International trade- bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade; role of WTO in
  international trade.

Unit 5: Human Settlements

• Settlement types – rural and urban; morphology of cities (case study); distribution of mega cities; problems of
  human settlements in developing countries.

NOTE: Map work on identification of features based on 1 to 5 units on the outline/Physical/Political map of the world.

To join Course for Fundamentals of Human Geography for Class XII: Click Here

Part – B: India: People and Economy

Unit-6: People

• Population: distribution, density and growth; composition of population – linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban and occupational-regional variations in growth of population.
• Migration: international, national-causes and consequences.
• Migration: international, national-causes and consequences.
• Population, environment and development.

Unit-7: Human Settlements

• Rural settlements – types and distribution.
• Urban settlements – types, distribution and functional classification.

Unit-8: Resources and Development

• Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use; geographical conditions and distribution of major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane and Rubber); agricultural development and problems.
• Water resources-availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management.
• Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation.
• Industries – types, factors of industrial location; distribution and changing pattern of selected industries-iron and steel, cotton textiles, sugar, petrochemicals, and knowledge based industries; impact of liberalization, privatization and globalization on industrial location; industrial clusters.
• Planning in India- target group area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study)

Unit-9: Transport, Communication and International Trade.

• Transport, Communication and International Trade and airways: oil and gas pipelines; Geographical information and communication net works.
• International trade- changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; sea ports and their hinterland and airports.

Unit-10: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems.

• Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal.
• Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums.
• Land degradation.

To join Course for India-People and Economy for Class XII: India: People and Economy

Note: Map work on locating and labeling of features based on above units on outline map of India.

Part – C: Practical Work

Unit-1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

• Type and Sources of data: Primary, Secondary and other sources.
• Tabulating and processing of data; calculation of averages, measures of central tendency.
• Representation of data- construction of diagrams: bars, circles and flowchart; thematic maps; construction of dot; choropleth and isopleths maps.
• Data analysis and generation of diagrams, graphs and other visual diagrams using computers.

Unit 2: Field Study or Spatial Information Technology

• Field visit and study: map orientation, observation and preparation of sketch; survey on any one of the local concerns; pollution, ground water changes, land use and land-use changes, poverty, energy issues, soil degradation, impact of floods and drought, catchment area of school, Market survey and Household survey (any one topic of local concern may be taken up for the study; observation and questionnaire survey may be adopted for the data collection; collected data may be tabulated and analyzed with diagrams and maps). Students can be given different topics to get more insight into various problems of society.

OR

• Spatial Information Technology
  Introduction to GIS; hardware requirements and software modules; data formats; raster and vector data, data input, editing and topology building; data analysis; overlay and buffer.

Free Download NCERT Books: Geography For Class 12

• Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class XII, Published byNCERT: FREE DOWNLOAD
• India – People and Economy, Class XII, Published byNCERT: FREE DOWNLOAD
• Practical Work in Geography Part II, Class XII, Published byNCERT: FREE DOWNLOAD
  Note: The above textbooks are also available in Hindi medium with the same link.

Note: Join our Course For Geography for Class 12th in Greater Noida (Limited Offer to first 5 students only of every new batch)

NCERT JUNCTION is providing Tuition Classes for Geography Class XII in Greater Noida since 2008. It is a Best Coaching Class for Geography because many of our students have topped their schools in this subject also. Now since 2020 we are also providing Online Coaching For Class 12 Geography CBSE, and state board exams. If you are searching geography tutor for class 12 then contact us. We have also proved own self as Best Coaching For UP Board Online.

Call for Online/Offline tuitions for humanities and commerce: 9540177026