Unit 1: The End of Bipolarity 8

The End of Bipolarity Disintegration of Soviet Union, Unipolar World, Middle East Crisis – Afghanistan, Gulf War, Democratic Politics and Democratization – CIS and the 21st Century (Arab Spring).
- Lecture1.1
  
  LEADERS OF THE SOVIET UNION
- Lecture1.2
  
  WHAT WAS THE SOVIET SYSTEM
- Lecture1.3
  
  PROBLEMS WITH USSR / REASONS OF DISINTEGRATION
- Lecture1.4
  
  GORBACHEV AND THE DISINTEGRATION
- Lecture1.5
  
  WHY DID THE SOVIET UNION DISINTEGRATE
- Lecture1.6
  
  SHOCK THERAPY IN POST COMMUNIST REGIMES
- Lecture1.7
  
  TENSIONS AND CONFLICTS IN FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS
- Lecture1.8
  
  INDIA AND POST COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
Unit 2: New Centres of Power 0

Organizations: European Union, ASEAN, SAARC, BRICS. Nations: Russia, China, Israel, India, Japan and South Korea

No items in this section
Unit 3: Contemporary South Asia 0

Conflicts and efforts for Peace Democratization in South Asia: Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives

No items in this section
Unit 4: United Nations and its Organizations 0

Principal Organs, Key Agencies: UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO, ILO, Security Council and the Need for its Expansion.

No items in this section
Unit 5: Security in Contemporary World 0

Security: Meaning and Type; Terrorism.

No items in this section
Unit 6: Environment and Natural Resources 0

Environmental Movements, Global Warming and Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources.

No items in this section
Unit 7: Globalization 0

Globalization: Meaning, Manifestation and Debates.

No items in this section

PROBLEMS WITH USSR / REASONS OF DISINTEGRATION

PROBLEMS WITH USSR IN 1990’s

Quality of Products
Much bureaucratic and authoritarian
Lack of democracy, freedom of speech; (so people expressed their dissent in jokes and cartoons)
Tight control over all institutions
Unaccountable to the people.

The party refused the urge to recognize of 15 republics
People in the different 14 republics out of Russia, felt neglected and often suppressed.
In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US, but at great cost.
Lagged in technology, infrastructure, & fulfilling the political, economic aspirations of citizens.
Wages grow, Production fall, shortages in consumer goods, Food imports increased, Economy stagnant.
After 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to reform this system.

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