Unit 1: The End of Bipolarity 8

The End of Bipolarity Disintegration of Soviet Union, Unipolar World, Middle East Crisis – Afghanistan, Gulf War, Democratic Politics and Democratization – CIS and the 21st Century (Arab Spring).
- Lecture1.1
  
  LEADERS OF THE SOVIET UNION
- Lecture1.2
  
  WHAT WAS THE SOVIET SYSTEM
- Lecture1.3
  
  PROBLEMS WITH USSR / REASONS OF DISINTEGRATION
- Lecture1.4
  
  GORBACHEV AND THE DISINTEGRATION
- Lecture1.5
  
  WHY DID THE SOVIET UNION DISINTEGRATE
- Lecture1.6
  
  SHOCK THERAPY IN POST COMMUNIST REGIMES
- Lecture1.7
  
  TENSIONS AND CONFLICTS IN FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS
- Lecture1.8
  
  INDIA AND POST COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
Unit 2: New Centres of Power 0

Organizations: European Union, ASEAN, SAARC, BRICS. Nations: Russia, China, Israel, India, Japan and South Korea

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Unit 3: Contemporary South Asia 0

Conflicts and efforts for Peace Democratization in South Asia: Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives

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Unit 4: United Nations and its Organizations 0

Principal Organs, Key Agencies: UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO, ILO, Security Council and the Need for its Expansion.

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Unit 5: Security in Contemporary World 0

Security: Meaning and Type; Terrorism.

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Unit 6: Environment and Natural Resources 0

Environmental Movements, Global Warming and Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources.

No items in this section
Unit 7: Globalization 0

Globalization: Meaning, Manifestation and Debates.

No items in this section

GORBACHEV AND THE DISINTEGRATION

In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
He sought to:

Reform this system,
Normalize relations with the West.
Democratize.

Because: IT revolutions taking place in the West.

But The reforms were opposed by:

A. Leaders: they thought Gorbachev is in hurry.

B. Public: East European countries started protest against their own governments and Soviet control. They thought Process of reform is much slow.

Gorbachev Govt. didn’t intervene & Communist regime collapsed one after another.
1991, A coup took place that by Communist Party hardliners.

- Boris Yeltsin opposed this coup (1991) & emerged as a national hero.
- The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralized control.
- People had tasted freedom so didn’t want the old-style rule of the Communist Party.
- Power began to shift from the Soviet center to the republics, especially in the more Europeanized.
- But The Central Asian republics did not ask for independence and wanted to remain with the Soviet Federation.
- Communist Party now banned. Capitalism and democracy were adopted.
- under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin, three major republics (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus), declared the Soviet Union as disbanded + formation of CIS surprised to other republics especially, Central Asia’s.
- In beginning Central Asian Countries excluded from CIS but very soon accepted as founding members.

Now Russia:

- Accepted as the successor state of the Soviet Union.
- Inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council.
- Accepted all the international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union.
- Took over as the only nuclear state of the post Soviet space.
- Carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US.

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