PARTITION, DISPLACEMENT AND REHABILITATION
PARTITION, DISPLACEMENT AND REHABILITATION
Know about “Two-nation theory”:
- According to this theory, Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations, with their own customs, religion, and traditions; therefore, from social and moral points of view, Muslims should be able to have their own separate homeland outside of Hindu-majority India, in which Islam is the dominant religion, and be segregated from Hindus and other non-Muslims.
- Advanced by the Muslim League. (Ikbaal, Rehmat Ali, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Jinnah)
- Opposed by Congress.
- Several political developments in 1940s; political competition, British role.
- On 14-15 August, 1947 two nation-states came into existence.
Process of Partition:
- Decision taken by Britisher:
- ‘India’ would be divided into two countries, ‘India’ and ‘Pakistan’.
- That areas where the Muslims were in majority would make up the territory of Pakistan. The rest was to stay with India.
- Painful, Difficult to decide area and to implement.
Difficulties in implementation:
i. No single belt of Muslim majority:
ii. Not all Muslim majority areas wanted to be in Pakistan. (Role of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan)
iii. Punjab and Bengal, had very large areas where the non-Muslims were in majority.
iv. Problem of ‘minorities’ on both sides: found themselves as trapped & were undesirable aliens in their own home, in the land where they and their ancestors had lived for centuries.
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