GORBACHEV AND THE DISINTEGRATION
GORBACHEV AND THE DISINTEGRATION
- In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- He sought to:
- Reform this system,
- Normalize relations with the West.
- Democratize.
- Because: IT revolutions taking place in the West.
- But The reforms were opposed by:
A. Leaders: they thought Gorbachev is in hurry.
B. Public: East European countries started protest against their own governments and Soviet control. They thought Process of reform is much slow.
- Gorbachev Govt. didn’t intervene & Communist regime collapsed one after another.
- 1991, A coup took place that by Communist Party hardliners.
-
- Boris Yeltsin opposed this coup (1991) & emerged as a national hero.
- The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralized control.
- People had tasted freedom so didn’t want the old-style rule of the Communist Party.
- Power began to shift from the Soviet center to the republics, especially in the more Europeanized.
- But The Central Asian republics did not ask for independence and wanted to remain with the Soviet Federation.
- Communist Party now banned. Capitalism and democracy were adopted.
- under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin, three major republics (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus), declared the Soviet Union as disbanded + formation of CIS surprised to other republics especially, Central Asia’s.
- In beginning Central Asian Countries excluded from CIS but very soon accepted as founding members.
Now Russia:
-
- Accepted as the successor state of the Soviet Union.
- Inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council.
- Accepted all the international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union.
- Took over as the only nuclear state of the post Soviet space.
- Carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US.
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