ASSIGNMENT 1.1 (20 marks)

1. What were the three major challenges faced by our leader after independence?            [3 Mark Question]
2. What were the three challenges faced by our leader for nation building?           [3 Mark Question]
3. What is the meaning of ‘Tryst with destiny’.                      [2 Mark Question]
4. What was ‘Two nation theory’ Who proposed it?            [2 + 1 Mark Question]
5. What were the difficulties in the process of partition?                 [3 Mark Question]
6. Explain various kind of consequences of partition in detail.        [6 Mark Question]

2. INTEGRATION OF PRINCELY STATES                                                                                                             Introduction:British India (1947) was divided into.British Indian Provinces: Directly ruled by British government.Princely States (565):Ruled by princes, but accepted British supremacy. Called paramountcy or suzerainty of  the British crown.Covered 1/3 of the land area of the British Indian Empire and ¼ Indians lived under princely rule.Before Independence British Government announced that with the end of their rule over India, paramountcy of the British crown over Princely States would also lapse, means 565 princely states would become legally independent.-> Problem:
   • Princely states (princely rulers) were free to join either India or Pakistan or remain independent.
   • First, the ruler of Travancore, then The Nizam of Hyderabad announced the decision of Independence.
   • Bhopal’s nawab was not interested to join the Constituent Assembly.
   • This response indicate->

   A.Possibility of further division of India. So interim government took a firm stance. But Muslim Leagues opposed this stand. Sardar Patel (Deputy Prime Minister + Home Minister) played a historic role in negotiating with the rulers.

   B.Not interested to establish democracy. (since, Independence it was aim of unity, self-determination & democracy)

   Government’s approach

   The government’s approach(negotiation + diplomacy) was guided by three considerations.

   1.The people of most of the princely states clearly wanted to become part of the Indian union.

   2.The government was prepared to be flexible in giving autonomy to some regions. (Ex. J & K)

   3.Integration and consolidation of the territorial boundaries had assumed supreme importance because of contest over demarcation of territory.

   Most of the princely state’s ruler (whose territories were contiguous to the new boundaries of India) signed on ‘Instrument of Accession’ before independence through negotiations only Accept Junagadh (plebiscite), Hyderabad (Operation POLO), Kashmir and Manipur.