CLASS-1
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- THREE CHALLENGES AFTER INDEPENDENCE
Dear Students, in the first 3 chapters we will study about three biggest challenges in front of our political leaders after independence. Like this:
1.Challenges of Nation building (Chapter 1st)
2.Challenges of establishing democracy. (Chapter 2nd )
3.Challenges of economic development with equality and justice. (Chapter 3rd)
CHAPTER 1: CHALLENGES OF NATION BUILDING
In this first chapter we will study about three challenges of nation building.
1.Managing Partition: Establishing Secular India, violence and displacement.
2.The integration of the princely States.
3.Draw the internal boundaries.
All these three challenges of nation building were successfully negotiated in the first decade after 1947.
INTRODUCTION
- Before Independent, there were many voices in our national movement but almost everyone was agreed on two goals after Independence:
1.Democratic Government.
2.Socialist Government
- ‘Tryst With Destiny’ speech: Nehru, addressed a special session of the Constituent Assembly after attained independence in midnight on 14-15 August 1947.
- 1947: India got freedom but partition also, so unprecedented violence and trauma of displacement also faced. In this circumstances independent India started on its journe
y to achieve several objectives.
- THREE CHALLENGES AFTER INDEPENDENCE
PARTITION: DISPLACEMENT AND REHABILITATION
Two-nation theory:
- According to this theory, Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations, with their own customs, religion, and traditions; therefore, from social and moral points of view, Muslims should be able to have their own separate homeland outside of Hindu-majority India, in which Islam should be the dominant religion, and be segregated from Hindus and other non-Muslims.
- Advanced by the Muslim League. (Iqbal, Rehmat Ali, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Jinnah)
- Opposed by Congress.
- Several political developments in 1940s;
- Political competition:
- British role:
- On 14-15 August, 1947 two nation-states came into existence.