CHALLENGES TO BIPOLARITY BY NAM
CHALLENGES TO BIPOLARITY BY NAM
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):
Founder of NAM: Nehru, Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), and Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt) organise a meeting in 1956. And supported by Sukarno (Indonesia), Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana).
(A)-> It offered the newly decolonised countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America a third option—not to join either alliance.
(B)-> Role of NAM in reducing cold war conflicts : Nehru, UN Secretory General.
(C)-> 1st Summit in Belgrade (1961) & attended by 25 states. Here economic issues had not been very important.
This Summit was culmination/outcome of 3 factors.
- i. Cooperate to each one.
- To minimize cold war tensions & arenas.
iii. To provide new platform for new decolonized countries.
Now 120 members, last summit in Azerbaijan (2019)
(D)-> As NAM grew, it became less homogeneous because countries of different political systems, ideology and interests joined it.
(e) So, NAM can be defined as “not being a member of any alliance”. But it was:
- Not isolationism (remaining aloof from world affairs for ex. Like USA from 1787 to 1914, Countries of NAM played an active role in mediating b/w rival countries for stability & peace, their strength was in their unity and not to join any alliance after many attempts by both superpowers)
- Nor neutrality (Means-> staying out of war, but countries of NAM involved in wars and worked to prevent war between others and tried to end wars).
Question. Explain any four characteristics of the Non-Aligned Movement.